ASD

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects communication, behavior, and social interaction. It is called a “spectrum” because symptoms and severity can vary widely from one individual to another. Children with ASD may have difficulty in making eye contact, understanding social cues, and developing relationships. They might also show delayed speech and language skills or may not speak at all in some cases. Repetitive behaviors, restricted interests, and sensitivity to sounds, lights, or touch are also common features. The exact cause of ASD is not fully known, but it is believed to involve genetic and environmental factors. Signs usually appear in early childhood, often before the age of 2–3 years. Early diagnosis plays a very important role in improving outcomes. Assessment is done through developmental screening, clinical observation, and standardized tests. Management includes speech therapy, occupational therapy, behavioral therapy, and special education support tailored to the child’s needs. ASD is not a disease but a lifelong condition. With early intervention, proper therapy, and family support, individuals with autism can improve their communication, social skills, and overall quality of life.